Waterproofing is the process of making a structure water-resistant or impervious to water ingress under specified conditions. It serves as a preventative measure, rather than a reactive solution, aimed at protecting buildings from moisture-related damage. Effective waterproofing ensures the structural integrity, longevity, and habitability of buildings by preventing water intrusion.

Moisture can infiltrate buildings through various pathways, including:

• Rainwater: Direct precipitation, particularly problematic in areas with inadequate drainage or roofing systems
• Groundwater: Capillary rise or hydrostatic pressure, especially in basements and foundations
•  Airborne moisture: Humidity and condensation, often exacerbated in poorly ventilated spaces

The absence or failure of waterproofing systems can result in:

• Biological damage: Growth of mould and mildew, posing health risks such as respiratory issues and allergic reactions
• Structural damage: Wet rot in timber, corrosion of steel reinforcements, and degradation of concrete elements
• Aesthetic and surface damage: Efflorescence, peeling paint, crumbling plaster, and cracked tiles
• Economic impact: Increased maintenance costs, reduced property value, and the need for extensive repairs

Several factors contribute to waterproofing failures, including:

• Design and construction flaws: Inadequate detailing, improper slope, and insufficient drainage planning
•  Specification errors: Selection of incompatible or substandard materials
• Application failures: Poor surface preparation, incorrect layering, or insufficient curing time
• Mechanical damage: Physical wear, punctures, or movement-induced cracking

A comprehensive waterproofing system typically includes:

• Primary waterproofing product: The main barrier against water ingress (e.g., bitumen, acrylic, cementitious, polyurethane)
• Support products: Membranes, tapes, and reinforcing fabrics that enhance the system’s durability and performance
• UV Protection: Coatings such as silvakote® that shield non-UV-stable materials from degradation due to sunlight exposure

Waterproofing systems are subject to environmental and mechanical wear. Key considerations include:

• Product Lifespan: All systems degrade over time and require eventual replacement
• Maintenance Requirements: Regular inspections and reapplications are necessary to maintain system integrity
• Environmental Exposure: UV radiation, temperature fluctuations, and chemical exposure accelerate material degradation
• Moisture ingress due to poor detailing and design

Common waterproofing systems include:

• Acrylic: UV-stable and flexible, ideal for exposed surfaces
• Bitumen: Durable and rubberized, suitable for flat roofs and parapets
• Cementitious: Rigid and crack-bridging, used in wet areas such as showers, terraces and balconies
• Polyurethane (PU): Seamless and elastomeric, high-performance for all roof types
• Membranes: Preformed or self-adhesive, used for joints and overlaps
• Torch-On: Heat-applied, professional-grade for large-scale applications

Examples of product applications include:

• Showers & balconies: Cementitious slurries such as duraflex^®
• Metal roofs & flashings: Acrylics like hydroproof^® or super laycryl ^®
• Flat roofs & koi ponds: Rubberized bitumen such as super laykold^®
• High-Performance needs: PU systems like abe^® PU Liquid Rubber